اخبار گوهردشت - Australia's are dying en masse

اخبار گوهردشت - Australia's are dying en masse - 7/24/2022 8:05:52 PM 8:05:52 PM 

Across Australia, dead frogs are turning up in

 

Across Australia, dead frogs are turning up in the thousands — and no one knows why.
It started last winter, when Jodi Rowley, a herpetologist, noticed increased social media reports of frog carcasses in backyards and local creeks. She was concerned, but knew that amphibians’ immune systems slow down in the cold — and it was a cold year.
But a call-out for citizen data brought in a flood of dead-frog sightings far beyond normal winter losses: More than 1,600 reports came in, covering more than 40 species around the country, many detailing multiple deaths. Frogs, which usually bunker down during cooler weather — the middle of the year in Australia — were apparently wandering out into the open, sitting down, and dying en masse.
The lead suspect is a killer that attacks by smothering its victim’s skin.
Chytrid fungus — batrachochytrium dendrobatidis — has ripped through amphibian populations since the latter part of last century. Scientists believe it originated on the Korean Peninsula and spread worldwide through trade. The fungus, which feeds on the keratin in frogs’ outer layer, threatens the survival of more than 500 types of amphibian, a 2019 study found. It is thought to be responsible for 90 extinctions since the 1970s, making it a more destructive invasive species than rats or cats.
“It is a really complicated murder mystery,” Rowley said.

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi),Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests in the north-east, and mountain ranges in the south-east.

Indigenous Australians have inhabited the continent for approximately 65,000 years. The European maritime exploration of Australia commenced in the early 17th century with the arrival of Dutch explorers. In 1770, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788, a date which became Australia's national day. The European population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the time of an 1850s gold rush, most of the continent had been explored by European settlers and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and wealthy market economy.

Politically, Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy, comprising six states and ten territories. Australia's population of nearly 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Canberra is the nation's capital, while the five largest cities are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide. Australia's demography has been shaped by centuries of immigration: immigrants account for 30% of the country's population, and almost half of Australians have at least one parent born overseas. Australia's abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade relations are crucial to the country's economy, which generates its income from various sources including services, mining exports, banking, manufacturing, agriculture and international education.

Australia is a highly developed country with a high-income economy; it has the world's thirteenth-largest economy, tenth-highest per capita income and eighth-highest Human Development Index. Australia is a regional power, and has the world's thirteenth-highest military expenditure. Australia ranks amongst the highest in the world for quality of life, democracy, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties, safety, and political rights, with all its major cities faring exceptionally in global comparative livability surveys. It is a member of international groupings including the United Nations, the G20, the OECD, the WTO, ANZUS, AUKUS, Five Eyes, the Quad, APEC, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Community and the Commonwealth of Nations.

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